References
IEEE Board Of Directors. “IEEE Position Statement Artificial Intelligence.” IEEE.org. https://globalpolicy.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/IEEE18029.pdf (accessed February 8, 2021).
Y. LeCun, Y. Bengio, and G. Hinton, “Deep Learning,” Nature, vol. 2015, no. 7553, pp. 436–444, May 2015.
E. Kavlakoglu, “AI vs. Machine Learning vs. Deep Learning vs. Neural Networks: What’s the Difference?,” IBM, 27-May-2020. [Online]. Available: https://www.ibm.com/cloud/blog/ai-vs-machine-learning-vs-deep-learning-vs-neuralnetworks (accessed Feb. 8, 2021).
H. Singh Bisht, “Effect of Bias in Neural Network,” GeeksforGeeks, 25-Sep-2018. [Online]. Available: https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/effect-of-bias-in-neural-network/. (accessed May 3, 2021).
J. D. Woodward, C. Horn, J. Gatune, and A. Thomas, in Biometrics A Look at Facial Recognition, Santa Monica: RAND Corporation, 2003.
M. Hoy and A. Pomputius, “Alexa, Siri, Cortana, and More: An Introduction to Voice Assistants,”* Medical Reference Services Quarterly*, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 81–88, Jan. 2018
H. Whalen, “Can Your Smart Home Live Without the Cloud?,” 04-Sep-2019. [Online]. Available: https://homealarmreport.com/smart-home/smart-devices-work-locally/. (accessed 07-Mar-2021).
J. Stilgoe, “Machine Learning, Social Learning and the Governance of Self-Driving Cars,” Social Studies of Science, vol. 48, no. 1, Nov. 2017.
E. Seppälä, “Phubbing-The #1 Phone Habit to Drop For Better Relationships,” Psychology Today, 08-Nov-2017. [Online]. (accessed 05-Apr-2021).
V. C. Muller, “Ethics of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics,” Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2020 Edition).E. N. Zulta, Metaphysics Research Lab.
Harari Yuval Noaḥ, Homo Deus: A Brief History of Tomorrow. New York: Harper Perennial, 2018.
G. Takacs, I. Pilaszy, B. Nemeth, and D. Tikk, “Major Components of the Gravity Recommendation System,” ACM SIGKDD Explorations Newsletter, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 80– 83, Dec. 2007.
“Sizing the Prize What’s the Real Value of AI for Your Business and How Can You Capitalise?”* Pricewaterhouse Coopers*, 2017. Available: https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/issues/analytics/assets/pwc-ai-analysis-sizing-the-prizereport.pdf (accessed Feb. 8, 2021).
D. M. West and J. R. Allen, “How Artificial Intelligence Is Transforming the World,” Brookings University, 2018
S. E. Haupt, J. Cowie, S. Linden, T. McCandless, B. Kosovic and S. Alessandrini, “Machine Learning for Applied Weather Prediction,” 2018 IEEE 14th International Conference on e-Science (e-Science), Amsterdam, 2018, pp. 276-277, doi: 10.1109/eScience.2018.00047.
A. Upadhyay and K. Khandelwal, “Applying Artificial Intelligence: Implications for Recruitment,” Strategic HR Review, vol. 17, no. 5, pp. 255–258, Oct. 2018.
“Cancer Statistics,” National Cancer Institute, 25-Sep-2020. Available: https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/understanding/statistics (accessed Feb. 8, 2021).
Y. Liu, T. Kohlberger, M. Norouzi, G. Dahl, J. Smith, A. Mohtashamian, N. Olson, L. Peng, J. Hipp, and M. Stumpe, “Artificial Intelligence–Based Breast Cancer Nodal Metastasis Detection: Insights Into the Black Box for Pathologists,” Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, vol. 143, Aug. 2018.
A. Forrest and M. Konea, “Autonomous Cars and Society.” thesis, 2007.
D. Neill and W. Herlands, “Machine Learning for Drug Overdose Surveillance,” *Journal of Technology in Human Services, *vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 8–14, Jan. 2018.
G. Carrico, “The EU and Artificial Intelligence: A Human-Centered Perspective,” *Wilfried Martens Centre for European Studies, *vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 29–36, Mar. 2018.
E. Bruun and A. Duka, “Artificial Intelligence, Jobs and the Future of Work: Racing with the Machines,” Basic Income Studies, vol. 13, no. 2, 2018.
J. Wilson, P. Daugherty, and N. MoriniBianzino, “The Jobs That Artificial Intelligence Will Create,” MIT Sloan Management Review, no. Summer 2017, 23-Mar-2017.
E. Ntoutsi, P. Fafalios, U. Gadiraju, V. Iosifidis, W. Nejdl, M.-E. Vidal, S. Ruggieri, F. Turini, S. Papadopoulos, E. Krasanakis, I. Kompatsiaris, K. Kinder-Kurlanda, C. Wagner, F. Karimi, M. Fernandez, H. Alani, B. Berendt, T. Kruegel, C. Heinze, K. Broelemann, G. Kasneci, T. Tiropanis, and S. Staab, “Bias in Data‐Driven Artificial Intelligence Systems—An Introductory Survey,” WIREs Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery, vol. 10, no. 3, Feb. 2020.
“Drone Warfare,” The Bureau of Investigative Journalism. Available: https://www.thebureauinvestigates.com/projects/drone-war (accessed Feb. 8, 2021).
T. Swarte, O. Boufous, and P. Escalle, “Artificial Intelligence, Ethics and Human Values: the Cases of Military Drones and Companion Robots,” Artificial Life and Robotics, vol. 24, pp. 291–296, Jan. 2019.
P. Lin, “Ethics and Autonomous Cars: Why Ethics Matters, and How To Think About It” Lecture presented at Daimler and Benz Foundation’s Villa Ladenburg Project, Monterey, California, 21 February 2014
G. Dvorsky, “Your Self-Driving Car Will Be Programmed to Kill You—Deal With It,” Gizmodo, 23-Jun-2016. [Online]. Available: https://gizmodo.com/your-self-driving-carwill-be-programmed-to-kill-you-de-1782499265 (accessed Feb. 8, 2021).
M. Maurer, J. C. Gerdes, B. Lenz, and H. Winner, Autonomous Driving Technical, Legal and Social Aspects. Berlin: Springer Berlin, 2018.
IEEE: IEEE Code of Ethics. http://www.ieee.org/about/corporate/governance/p7-8.html (2014). (accessed 20-April-2021).
R. Schmelzer, “AI Makes A Splash In Advertising,” Forbes, 19-Jun-2020. https://www.forbes.com/sites/cognitiveworld/2020/06/18/ai-makes-a-splash-inadvertising/?sh=72ee0ba37682.
J. Golbeck,* Your Social Media “Likes” Expose More Than You Think.* TED.com. 2013.
A. Goldfarb and C. Tucker, “Privacy Regulation and Online Advertising,” Management Science, vol. 57, no. 1, pp. 57–71, 2011.
J. Anderson and L. Rainie, “1. Concerns about Human Agency, Evolution and Survival,” Pew Research Center: Internet, Science & Tech, 10-Dec-2018. [Online]. (accessed 05- Apr-2021).
A. Bundy, Preparing for the future of Artificial Intelligence.* AI & Society* vol. 32, pp. 285– 287, 2017, doi: 10.1007/s00146-016-0685-0.
Table of Contents
- Introduction
- What is Artificial Intelligence
- How Artificial Intelligence Is Used Today
- Benefits of Artificial Intelligence
- Artificial Intelligence and the Ethics Driving It
- Social Media – A Doppelganger in the Cloud
- The Future of AI
- Conclusion
- References